Protozoa can be classified into Amoeba, flagellates, sporozoa and Helminths.

Protozoa

A group of eukaryotic microorganisms traditionally classified in the animal kingdom. Although the name signifies primitive animals, some Protozoa (phytoflagellates and slime molds) show enough plantlike characteristics to justify claims that they are plants.
Protozoa are almost as widely distributed as bacteria. Free-living types occur in soil, wet sand, and in fresh, brackish, and salt waters. Protozoa of the soil and sand live in films of moisture on the particles.

Fungi can be classified under molds and yeasts.


Fungal infections
Several thousand species of fungi have been described, but fewer than 100 are routinely associated with invasive diseases of humans. In general, healthy humans have a very high level of natural immunity to fungi, and most fungal infections are mild and self-limiting. Intact skin and mucosal surfaces and a functional immune system serve as the primary barriers to colonization by these organisms, but these barriers are sometimes breached.

Only a handful of fungi cause significant disease in healthy individuals. Once established, these diseases can be classified according to the tissues that are initially colonized.

Superficial mycoses
Where the skin is involved, the infections are limited to the outermost layers of the stratum corneum; in the case of hairs, the infection is limited to the cuticle. In general, these infections cause no physical discomfort to the patient, and the disease is brought to the attention of the physician for cosmetic reasons.

Cutaneous mycoses
The cutaneous mycoses are caused by a homogeneous group of keratinophilic fungi termed the dermatophytes. Species within this group are capable of colonizing the integument and its appendages (the hair and the nails). In general, the infections are limited to the nonliving keratinized layers of skin, hair, and nails, but a variety of pathologic changes can occur depending on the etiologic agent, site of infection, and immune status of the host. The diseases are collectively called the dermatophytoses, ringworms, or tineas. They account for most of the fungal infections of humans.

Subcutaneous mycoses
The subcutaneous mycoses include a wide spectrum of infections caused by a heterogeneous group of fungi. The infections initially involve the deeper layers of the dermis and subcutaneous tissues, but they eventually extend into the epidermis. The lesions usually remain localized or spread slowly.

Systemic mycoses
The initial focus of the systemic mycoses is the lung. The vast majority of cases in healthy, immunologically competent individuals are asymptomatic or of short duration and resolve rapidly, accompanied in the host by a high degree of specific resistance. However, in immunosuppressed patients the infection can lead to life-threatening disease.

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